리눅스 서버 sshd 무작위 로그인 시도 차단하기 – fail2ban
fail2ban 설치 및 간단 설정
리눅스 서버의 특정 서비스에 과도한 패스워드 공격이 가해지면 자동으로 해당 IP를
iptables 혹은 filrewalld 에서 차단하는 기능이다.
1. 설치
# yum install -y fail2ban fail2ban-systemd whois iptables 로 차단 관리를 할 경우 firewalld 설정 제거
# rm -f /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/00-firewalld.conf기본 서비스 시작
# systemctl enable fail2ban
# systemctl start fail2ban 2. 설정
# cd /etc/fail2ban/
jail.conf 파일에 바로 설정도 가능하지만, 패키지 업데이트등이 이루어지면 설정이 초기화되는 상황이
발생한다. 기본 설정은 그대로 두고, 개별 설정을 부가적으로 적용하는 방법으로 설정한다.
# vi jail.local
[DEFAULT]
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.168.201.0/24 192.168.123.0/24 ## 허가 IP 대역
bantime = 10800 ## findtime 시간동안 maxretry 시도가 탐지된 경우 해당 IP 차단 시간
findtime = 600
maxretry = 5
backend = pooling
destemail = alang@clunx.com
sender = admin@clunix.com
mta = sendmail
action = %(action_mwl)s
[sshd]
enabled = true
port = ssh,22
[dovecot]
enabled = true
[postfix]
enabled = true
[postfix-sasl]
enabled = truedovecot 이나 postfix 처럼 기본 제공되는 filter 에서 해당되는 서비스를 활성화 시켜준다.
sshd 는 필수적으로 적용해 주고..
filter 로 제공되는 기본 서비스는 아래와 같다.
# ls /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/
3proxy.conf counter-strike.conf haproxy-http-auth.conf pam-generic.conf sogo-auth.conf
apache-auth.conf courier-auth.conf horde.conf perdition.conf solid-pop3d.conf
apache-badbots.conf courier-smtp.conf ignorecommands php-url-fopen.conf squid.conf
apache-botsearch.conf cyrus-imap.conf kerio.conf phpmyadmin-syslog.conf squirrelmail.conf
apache-common.conf directadmin.conf lighttpd-auth.conf portsentry.conf sshd.conf
apache-fakegooglebot.conf domino-smtp.conf mongodb-auth.conf postfix.conf stunnel.conf
apache-modsecurity.conf dovecot.conf monit.conf proftpd.conf suhosin.conf
apache-nohome.conf dropbear.conf murmur.conf pure-ftpd.conf tine20.conf
apache-noscript.conf drupal-auth.conf mysqld-auth.conf qmail.conf traefik-auth.conf
apache-overflows.conf ejabberd-auth.conf nagios.conf recidive.conf uwimap-auth.conf
apache-pass.conf exim-common.conf named-refused.conf roundcube-auth.conf vsftpd.conf
apache-shellshock.conf exim-spam.conf nginx-botsearch.conf screensharingd.conf webmin-auth.conf
assp.conf exim.conf nginx-http-auth.conf selinux-common.conf wuftpd.conf
asterisk.conf freeswitch.conf nginx-limit-req.conf selinux-ssh.conf xinetd-fail.conf
bitwarden.conf froxlor-auth.conf nsd.conf sendmail-auth.conf znc-adminlog.conf
botsearch-common.conf groupoffice.conf openhab.conf sendmail-reject.conf zoneminder.conf
centreon.conf gssftpd.conf openwebmail.conf sieve.conf
common.conf guacamole.conf oracleims.conf slapd.conf설정이 완료되면 fail2ban 서비스를 재시작한다.
# systemctl restart fail2ban
동작 상태를 확인한다.
# fail2ban-client status
Status
|- Number of jail: 4
`- Jail list: dovecot, postfix, postfix-sasl, sshd현재 등록된 서비스가 4개 있다는 것을 알수 있다. 이중 sshd 상태를 확인한다.
# fail2ban-client status sshd
Status for the jail: sshd
|- Filter
| |- Currently failed: 15
| |- Total failed: 125
| `- Journal matches: _SYSTEMD_UNIT=sshd.service + _COMM=sshd
`- Actions
|- Currently banned: 8
|- Total banned: 8
`- Banned IP list: 111.61.241.100 165.22.69.147 37.187.12.126 139.59.40.240 139.59.68.15 27.191.237.67 217.182.79.176 119.29.16.190
여러 IP 들이 sshd 로 무작위 접근 했고, 차단된 것을 확인할 수 있다.
실제 iptables 에 차단된 rule 이 등록되었는지 확인한다.
# iptables -nL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
f2b-sshd tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 multiport dports 22,22
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain f2b-sshd (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
REJECT all -- 182.151.41.208 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 45.131.108.196 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 140.143.136.41 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 1.194.238.226 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 54.38.139.210 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 104.248.205.24 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 46.101.245.176 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 217.182.79.176 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 139.59.40.240 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 37.187.12.126 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 27.191.237.67 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 165.22.69.147 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 139.59.68.15 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 119.29.16.190 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT all -- 111.61.241.100 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
RETURN all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 혹 fail2ban 에 정상적인 IP 가 차단 된 경우 아래와 같은 방법으로 차단을 해제할 수 있다.
# fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip x.x.x.x
![[보안] Dos 공격 방지를 위한 서버 설정](http://nblog.syszone.co.kr/wp-content/themes/hueman/assets/front/img/thumb-medium-empty.png)
정말 감사합니다 ^^
최근 서버로그들이 너무 금방 차서 봤더니 무작위 공격들이 여기저기서 들어오고 있더군요
fail2ban 을 이용하니 수월하게 해결됬습니다.
특히 postfix sasl 로그에서 찍히는 아이피는 iptables 에서 차단해도 계속 쌓였는데
그것도 없어졌네요
좋은 정보 감사드립니다.
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